Model development and analysis of multiple surface scattering and surface-volume scattering in sea ice layer

In this extended study from [1], a reliable theoretical model to study the sea ice layer is developed. Since multiple surface scattering and second order surface-volume scattering may be important in sea ice layer, the backscattering model for electrically dense medium developed in [2] is improved by adding multiple surface scattering in the surface scattering formulation based on the existing integral equation model (IEM) [3], and by including more surface-volume scattering terms up to second order [1]. The improved model is applied on a desalinated ice layer above a thick saline ice. The effect of including multiple surface scattering and additional surface-volume scattering up to second order in calculating the backscattering coefficient of sea ice layer is studied for both co-polarized and cross-polarized return. Comparisons are also made with field measurement.