RAISE: Reliability-Aware Instruction SchEduling for unreliable hardware

A compile-time Reliability-Aware Instruction SchEduling (RAISE) scheme is presented, which takes into account the spatial and temporal vulnerabilities of different processor resources (pipeline, register file, etc.) used during the execution of different instructions. It reduces the software program's susceptibility towards failures by minimizing the occupancy cycles of critical instructions inside the pipeline stages in addition to reducing the vulnerable periods of their operands. To facilitate RAISE, a novel technique for static reliability estimation during compilation is presented (i.e. before instructions scheduling). Compared to state-of-the-art reliability-aware instruction schedulers, our scheme provides up to 32.7% reduced software program failures over three different fault rates.