Patch antennas for BAN/PAN applications at 2.45 GHz: A preliminary approach

A preliminary approach for the analysis and design of patch antennas located over biological tissues is presented. The study is performed in the 2.4 GHz ISM band envisaging body area and personal area network applications. A moment method numerical analysis is used to check the effects of the biological tissues on the patch antenna performance. Both single patches and two element arrays are analyzed. The conclusions obtained can be used as guidelines to conduct a more accurate approach where the complete model of the human body (shape and size) is taken into account.