The diversity among IVHS navigation systems worldwide

More than 100 intelligent vehicle highway system (IVHS) navigation systems are being built worldwide. Japan and the United States are the leaders in developing systems, with the second grouping of countries being Germany, the United Kingdom and Canada. Various positioning technologies such as the Global Positioning System (GPS), the Radio Determination Satellite System RDSS, dead reckoning, signposts, map matching, and terrestrial RF systems are used more in some countries than in others, and these trends are reported. Countries in some regional blocks use certain positioning technologies more prominently than those used in other blocks. Examples of novel systems in the four basic categories (autonomous, fleet management, advisory, and inventory) are given to illustrate the trend toward specific market penetration and thus the diversity among systems. A brief description of future trends is given.