Normalization Factor of Hierarchically Modulated Symbols for Advanced T-DMB System

In this paper, we derived the exact formula for the normalization factor of both B-mode and Q-mode hierarchically modulated symbols of the advanced terrestrial digital multimedia broadcasting (AT-DMB) system. This factor is required to scale the average energy of the transmit symbol to one. After investigating the average energy of hierarchically modulated symbols in AT-DMB, we formulate the normalization factor as a term of the constellation ratio. Based on this normalization factor, we have verified the effect after normalization on bit error rate (BER) performance.