Skin burn risks using transcutaneous direct current

When transcutaneous direct current is applied (electrotherapy, advanced drug delivery systems) isolated skin burns occur from time to time in an unpredictable way. From both simulations and experiment the authors found that the following parameters increase skin burn risk: 1. little moistened electrolytic interface between skin and electrode; 2. anodic current; 3. discontinous current intensity; 4. non-homogeneous electrode-skin contact.