Pilot-in-the-loop evaluation of the approach procedures expert system (APES)

The Advanced Cockpits Branch of Wright Laboratory (WL/FIGP) conducted a study to assess the utility of a prototype decision aid to support the pilot's use of electronic approach plates and assist the pilot in flying instrument approaches. The prototype decision aid system that was evaluated in this study is the Approach Procedures Expert System (APES). The study consisted of 16 pilots flying a series of instrument approaches in a cockpit simulator. Performance data, subjective workload, situational awareness and acceptability ratings were collected. The results showed that the APES reduced pilot workload increased situational awareness, and improved flight performance compared to flying approaches without the decision aid. Refinements to the APES algorithm and pilot-vehicle interface were indicated. Implications for further research are discussed.