Finite-element method for the impedance analysis of traveling-wave modulators

A low-frequency finite-element method (FEM) developed to calculate the impedance of multi-strip-line electrodes on traveling-wave modulators is discussed. In this method, the divergence theorem is used to evaluate the electrode capacitance from the node potential values of discrete elements. This method is used to calculate the impedance of electrodes on anisotropic-inhomogeneous dielectric media. The effect of nonzero electrode thickness and a groove excavated at the electrode gap is analyzed.<
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