GRADAR: A radar propagation modelling tool for frequencies from VHF to microwave

Effective radar modeling requires consideration of the propagation effects of both surface topography and the atmosphere. This paper describes a propagation modeling tool that was developed to handle such effects. The tool is based on a Kirhhoff integral approach and the paper includes several examples that illustrate its capability. In particular, the paper shows that the approach can be very effective in the littoral environment.