Caspian Sea Requirements Effectual Pollution Controls

Experts believe that the release of over one billion cubic meters of industrial, chemical, and household wastewater into the Caspian Sea per annum has polluted the water, and reduced the level of oxygen jeopardizing over 400 aquatic species including sturgeons. Extraction and transportation of oil in the Sea are one of the pollution sources in the seawater. The Caspian Sea contains about 100000 million barrels of oil. It also contains over 35000 million cubic meters of flue gas. Daily extractions of crude oil and gas and transportation of them are the main pollution sources of the Caspian Sea. Many trucks to carry goods and oil tankers to carry oil from ports along the Caspian Sea are considered as point and nonpoint sources along the seaboard. In addition, many ships, which are navigating in the Sea, are emitting pollution to the Sea. Many cities and industries surround the Caspian Sea. Pollution from these cities and industries enters the Caspian Sea either directly or through rivers. Better housekeeping and in-plant maintenance resulted in up to 80 percent reduction in waste generation from the Iran Wood & Paper Industry (CHUKA). Several modifications have been proposed and applied in the Iran Wood Fiber Company that resulted in up to 50 percent reduction in waste production from the plant. The purpose of this paper is to look at the benefits of environmental management strategies in pollution prevention such as waste minimization and clean technologies. This minimizes the environmental problems due to waste generation and eliminates the cost of treatment and disposal of the waste. The benefits of the environmental management program along the Caspian Sea will ensure the clean water and the better environment of the Sea.