Computer-controlled power systems Part II - Area controls and load dispatch

In Part I of this series, boiler - turbine unit controls were described in considerable detail. In this installment we shall endeavor to explore the much broader area of the application of computer controls to the entire power system of a single utility company's operations, and also to interconnected grids that may cover a geographical area of several states. Essentially, the prime functions of a computer used for power system automation are similar to those that are used for plant automation, but there is a considerable shift in program and operational emphasis. For example, in systemic operation, the computer is more loosely integrated into the system. There are fewer inputs and outputs, and the real-time requirements are less exacting. All power systems must maintain a balance between the generation of electricity and the constantly varying consumer load, and obtain the maximum generating efficiency at a minimum possible cost. System-wide automation will greatly assist in optimizing this effort.