Technical solutions for modifying the cochlear mini-22 implantable simulator to an FES device for paraplegic standing

The re-designed cochlear FES-22 implantable stimulator has received considerable development in both hardware and software over the past two years: muscle conditioning, muscle testing and stimulation artifact recordings, muscle force output measurement, and state controller for open and closed loop stimulation during standing. The implanted subject, a T-10 paraplegic male (CS), is able to exercise his knee and hip extensors for 20 minutes before onset of muscle fatigue. Subject CS is also able to stand using the cochlear FES-22 stimulator and the Andrews FRO braces for 5 minutes before general tiredness.