The influence of rubber separators on electrochemical behavior of lead-acid batteries

This paper presents manufacturing processes; physical, chemical and electrochemical properties; performance in batteries; and their applications of three types of rubber separators. Many aspects of lead-acid battery performance characteristics which are unique electrochemical properties of rubber separators are given. The influence of the rubber separators on on-charge voltage, antimony transfer, Tafel behaviour, and dendrite growth, are discussed. The battery applications discussed are: telecommunication, uninterruptible power supplies, load leveling, traction batteries, deep cycle batteries, and automotive batteries.