Effect of interlayer trapping and detrapping on the determination of interface state densities on high-k dielectric stacks

Al/HfO
₂
/SiNx:H/n-Si metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) capacitors have been studied by electrical characterization. Films of silicon nitride were directly grown on n-type silicon substrates by electron-cyclotron-resonance assisted chemical-vapor-deposition (ECR-CVD). Silicon nitride thickness was varied from 2.96 to 6.64 nm. Afterwards, 12 nm thick hafnium oxide films were deposited by the high-pressure reactive sputtering (HPS) approach. Interface state densities were determined by deep-level transient spectroscopy and simultaneous high and low frequency capacitance-voltage (HLCV). The simultaneous measurements of the high and low frequency capacitance voltage provide interface trap density values in the range of 10
¹¹
cm
^-2
eV
^-1
for all the samples. However, a significant increase of this density of about two orders of magnitude was obtained by DLTS for the thinnest silicon nitride interfacial layers. In this work we probe that this increase is an artifact that must be attributed to traps existing at the HfO
₂
/SiN
_x
:H interlayer interface. These traps are more easily charged or discharged as this interface comes near the substrate, that is, as thinner the SiN
_x
:H interface layer. The trapping/detrapping mechanisms increase the capacitance transient and, in consequence, the DLTS measurements have contributions not only from the insulator/substrate interface but also from the HfO
₂
/SiN
_x
:H interlayer interface.