Drop-on-demand extraction from a water meniscus by a high field pulse

As a part of a study of electrocoalescence of water droplets in oil, the controlled generation of small drops (diameter ∼ 100 μm) is considered. The technique used consists in applying a voltage pulse promoting the deformation of a meniscus at the end of a capillary tube through the action of electric forces. For pulses of short enough duration, the transient deformation can lead to the ejection of a small drop electrically neutral. The experimental results of water drops extraction in oil are presented. Using capillary tubes of outer tip diameter varying from 0.5 mm to 1 mm, it is possible to obtain in a reproducible way drops of diameter ranging from 50 μm to 200 μm. For a given meniscus shape, the diameter of the extracted droplet depends on the voltage amplitude V and on the pulse duration Δt. Order of magnitude considerations on the meniscus deformation process suggest that the main parameter which determines the size of the generated droplet is the product V
²
Δt. The experimental results support this guess for pulse durations low enough so that there is no electrical field (and, therefore, no surface charge) during the last stage of meniscus elongation and break-up. The possible use of this technique of drop-on-demand generation is discussed, taking into account the transient oil flow around the meniscus which most often brings the droplet off the system axis.