Performance Analysis of Small Tuned Transmitting Loop Antennas Evaluated by Experiment and Simulation [Antenna Designer's Notebook]

Frequency-swept input-impedance measurements to determine Q factors and field strengths for an electrically small tuned transmitting loop antenna in its operating environment have recently been made. These observational results are compared with numerical modeling by the computational electromagnetic code NEC-4D, since the validity of this code to simulate the performance of electrically small loops - and, in fact, even the fundamental characteristics of small loop antennas - has been questioned.