Characterization and modeling of three-terminal heterojunction phototransistors using an InGaP layer for passivation

Fabrication, characterization, and modeling of three-terminal (3T) heterojunction phototransistors (HPTs) using an InGaP layer for passivation (called P-HPTs) compared with similar nonpassivated devices (called NP-HPTs) were reported. Effects of the base passivated by the InGaP layer on devices optical and electrical performance were investigated. In addition to improving the dc current gain in the small current regime, the photocurrent (I/sub ph/) and responsivity from the p-i-n diode formed by the base, collector, and subcollector are also enhanced in a P-HPT. The measured optical gains are 45 and 27 for a P- and an NP-HPT under 8.62-/spl mu/W optical injection operated as a two-terminal (2T) device with a floating base. When the base bias is applied from a voltage source, both 3T P- and NP-HPTs exhibit degraded optical gains. Although a voltage source applied to the base can be used to push the operating point of a heterojunction bipolar transistor to a higher collector current where the current gain is higher, only a small portion of the photocurrent generated within the base-collector region is injected across the base-emitter junction to be amplified. When the base of an HPT is biased using a current source, the I/sub ph/ and enhanced dc current gain mainly determine both collector photocurrent and optical gain. Thus, a P-HPT biased using a current source shows the best optical performance. Furthermore, the conventional Ebers-Moll equivalent-circuit model was extended to provide simulated results in good agreement with experiment.