Electrically controllable all-fiber PMD emulator using a compact array of thin-film microheaters

An electrically controllable, all-fiber polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) emulator is constructed using thin-film microheaters to temperature tune the birefringence of 30 PM-fiber sections spliced at 45/spl deg/ angles. Compact packaging is achieved by mounting the fiber heaters onto an array of silicon V-grooves. The advantages of this electrically tunable emulator design are low loss, negligible PDL, simple construction, no internal reflections, and no moving parts.