A discussion of various approaches to the linear system identification problem

This paper deals with the pole zero identification of a linear system from a measured input-output record. One objective is to show that the pencil-of-function method minimizes a weighted version of the Kalman equation error. It follows that the pencil-of-function method is capable of yielding robust estimates for poles located in a given region of the complex s plane. The second objective of this paper is to illustrate that identical sets of equations arise in three supposedly different analytical techniques for obtaining the impulse response of a system. The techniques investigated are 1) the least squares technique based on the discrete Wiener-Hopf equation, 2) Pisarenko's eigenvalue method, and 3) Jain's pencil-of-function method. The proof of equivalence is valid only for the noise-free case when the system order is known. Instead of using the conventional differential equation formulation, equivalence is shown with the integral form utilized in the pencil-of-function method.