A critique of the variational method in scattering problems

It is shown that the variational method of dealing with the integral equations of scattering problems is equivalent to solving the integral equation directly by Galerkin's method and using the standard formula for the amplitude of the scattered wave. The second method also satisfies the reciprocity theorem. It is therefore suggested that the reciprocity theorem be used as the basis of approximation without the introduction of variational formulas. The error involved in using an approximate solution is discussed and it is shown that only a special set of approximations can lead to accuracy at low frequencies. Some ways in which bounds for the error may be obtained in special problems are also given.