Equivalent circuits for switched-capacitor networks including recharging devices

Equivalent circuits for switched-capacitor (SC) networks including recharging devices are derived. Parasitic effects, like stray capacitances and nonideal op amps, are taken into account. As a result, the equivalent time-invariant network is split up into a frequency dependent impedance network and a purely (negative) resistive network which corresponds directly to the capacitor network of the SC-filter and allows for the loss compensation achieved by the recharging switching devices. In general, these two parts of the equivalent network are coupled via generalized impedance converters (GIC's).