Three-Reactive Five-Element Biquadratic Structures

This paper deals with the final aspect of the results of a study of the totality of all physical network structures containing five elements or less which can be expressed as a general biquadratic impedance of the form
Z = (As^2 + Bs + C)/(Ds^2 + Es + F)
. The results of the study of such networks, including bridge structures containing one and two reactive elements are available in the literature. Contained herein are the results of the study of the fiveelement networks containing three or more reactive elements which can be expressed as a general biquadratic impedance with all coefficients A, B, C, D, E and F positive. There are two bridge structures and eight ladder-type structures which, under certain conditions on the coefficients, yield an impedance which previously required for realization the usual minimal resistance extraction followed by a Bott-Duffin synthesis. It is to be noted that the networks contained herein are not of the minimal resistance type.