A Binary Metamaterial for Planar Antennas

This paper presents the conceptual study of a binary metamaterial aimed at the development of printed planar antennas. The binary metamaterial is constructed by combining two types of unit cells with a phase difference in their reflection properties. The electromagnetic (EM) behavior is effectively modeled through the wave interaction of a perfect electric conductor (PEC) and an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC). The significant aspect lies in the EM surface response that corresponds to one-bit states, forming a binary sequence of ‘1’ and ‘0’ elements. The mechanism is such that a unit cell’s reflection phase aligns with 180° and 0° in accordance with the electric and magnetic properties of the total reflective surfaces, respectively. In this study, the discrete periodic patterns of binary metamaterials are applied, utilizing an embedded field feeder through a narrow aperture. By computing a full-wave simulation, the results report distinctive radiation patterns.