Energy Efficient AI/ML based Continuous Monitoring at the Edge: ECG and EEG Case Study

In this paper, we propose an energy-efficient approach for machine-learning based continuous testing and monitoring of long-term patients at the wireless edge. The approach is applicable for any wearable sensors that generate time-series data. Our scheme simultaneously performs sensor-server clustering while ensuring the delay requirements of every user are met. In contrast to previous works on task offloading for generic edge computing/machine learning, our proposed model considers application specific parameters including the sampling rate, measurement duration and number of input channels/leads. We formulate the problem as a mixed integer nonlinear program (MINLP) and propose a heuristic solution. Two applications, cardiac event prediction from a wearable electrocardiograms (ECG), and epileptic seizure prediction from wearable scalp electroencephalography (EEG) are used to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed approach. Results indicate that our proposed algorithm can provide up-to 70% energy savings compared to the case when maximum settings are used.