A Novel Array Antenna-Based GNSS Spoofing Detection and Mitigation Technique

We propose a novel array antenna-based global navigation satellite system (GNSS) anti-spoofing technique. In this paper, we consider a sophisticated spoofing attack scenario where a target single GNSS receiver equipped with an array antenna, a single spoofer with its own GNSS receiver, and multiple GNSS satellites exist. It is assumed that the spoofer knows the accurate location of a target GNSS receiver. The target GNSS receiver can estimate the direction of arrival (DoA) of all pseudo-random noise (PRN) code signals including the spoofing signals in real-time during the signal acquisition process. The target GNSS receiver can obtain a direction of the spoofer by exploiting the spatial characteristics of the spoofing signals in the estimated DoA information. Then, the target GNSS receiver performs the minimum mean squared error (MMSE) beamforming using the estimated authentic and spoofing DoA information. Through computer simulations, we verify that the proposed technique can effectively detect the spoofing attack with a few samples and elaborately mitigate the spoofing signal.