Tornado Optimization With Pattern Search Method for Optimal Design of IPMSM

In this article, a novel global search algorithm tornado optimization (TO) and its hybridization with pattern search method (PSM) are proposed to solve the multimodal optimization problem. The TO enhances the capability of global searching with two strategies: intensification strategy and diversification strategy. The hybridization with PSM supports the exact and fast convergence on adjacent optima from the points that are discovered in global search using TO. The outstanding performance of the proposed algorithm is verified by comparison with niching genetic algorithm at the two test functions, and the algorithm is applied to the optimal design of the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor for electric vehicles.