Trading Off Temperature Guardbands via Adaptive Approximations

Runtime circuit delay variations due to degradation effects like temperature are traditionally protected against using worst-case timing guardbands. Such an approach leads to a permanent performance overhead even though effects may only be transient. Recently, approximate computing has been proposed as a technique to trade off quality for various metrics. Existing approaches, however, do not target reductions in circuit delays and guardbands, or have only been applied statically. In this paper, we propose a novel design paradigm in which adaptive approximations are employed to dynamically trade off transient, degradation-induced variations in circuit delays and associated worst-case timing guardbands for permanent performance improvements with minimal quality loss. A key challenge is to design circuits that exhibit a significant delay profile across approximation levels while maintaining a high base performance. To achieve that, we introduce and implement two approaches for synthesizing arbitrary dynamic quality-versus delay-configurable circuits at fine temporal and spatial granularities while exploring associated area, speed and quality trade-offs. We apply our approach specifically to temperature variations and guardbands. Results for an IDCT image decoding example show up to 21% speedup with less than 2% area and energy impact compared to traditional guardbanding while maintaining a worst-case transient PSNR of at least 39dB.