Failure of nano-modified oil impregnated paper under repeated impulse voltage: Effects of TiO2 nanoparticles on space charge characteristics

Since the first application of oil-paper composite insulation in power transformers 100 years ago, researchers are now trying to improve the performance of transformer oil by suspending nanoparticles in the dielectric. However, the performance of paper impregnated with nano-modified oil remains unclear. We previously found nano-oil impregnated paper had a good capability to sustain repeated impulses. The amount of space charges accumulated in the nano-oil impregnated paper is much smaller than that in fresh oil impregnated paper. We considered this behavior to be the main reason for the better electrical performance of the nano-oil-impregnated paper. In this work, based on those achieved results, we focus on the modification mechanism of nano-oil impregnated paper. We analyzed the effects of TiO
₂
nanoparticles on the relative permittivity and their relationship with the charge injection process. We also discuss the influence of TiO
₂
nanoparticles on charge trap states and the space charge behavior. The dielectric characteristics and trap energy of both nano-oil-impregnated paper and fresh-oil-impregnated paper are determined in this work.