Energy Efficiency Standards for Wireline Communications

This chapter provides an overview of the main standardization bodies and their related activities regarding energy efficiency for wireline communications. In particular, it introduces energy proportionality and power states, summarizing the European Commission (EC) Code‐of‐Conduct regarding the energy consumption of network equipment. It then analyzes energy efficiency standardization efforts addressing network‐based conservation, planning, network management, measurements, metrics, and testing. Regarding network‐based conservation, it documents the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and Internet Research Task Force (IRTF) energy‐aware control planes, routing, and transport. For network planning, an overview of the Broadband Forum (BBF) overlay/converged networks is provided, while the network management part concentrates on the International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU‐T) energy‐saving framework, on the IETF Energy Management and on Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) power over Ethernet. Finally, standards for measurements and metrics are covered focusing on the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) and on the Alliance for Telecommunication Industry Solutions (ATIS), while testing is briefly explored based on the Energy Consumption Rating (ECR) Initiative.