Noise figure verification of Y-factor and cold source methods

Correlating noise figure measurements between R&D teams and manufacturing teams is becoming both more difficult and more important as LNAs are increasingly integrated with other components such as switches, filters and power amplifiers, to form a Front-End-Modules (FEM) used in wireless devices, thus the test systems must accommodate more complicated test scenarios than a simple LNA requires. Here is presented a 2-port verification artifact which has output noise well above kTB with a very well-known noise figure.