Device for early diagnosis of Diabetic Autonomic Neuropathy

In this paper, a design is proposed of a Pupillometer, which comprises of a spectacle mounted Pi-NoIR Infrared Camera system to detect pupil dilation, constriction and saccades of the eyes of the patient. These parameters are tracked using IR Illuminators mounted on spectacle frame that will be interfaced to a Raspberry Pi 2 Development board. The Raspberry Pi 2 is programmed to map the visual acuity parameters. To achieve constriction and dilation, bright LEDs of White, Red, Green and Blue wavelengths are Turned ON and OFF respectively, at rapid rate, while the tracking is going on. The saccade velocity assessment is done by showing a rapidly moving pattern between 2 points. Thus, by obtaining these ranges for the patient and comparing them with a pre-calibrated diabetes proneness scale, the patient's proneness to diabetes and also an accurate measure of his/her Visual Acuity is obtained. A standard deviation of plus or minus five percent with respect to the database values of normal and diabetic patients is mapped and the proneness to Type 2 Diabetes is evaluated. This paper proposes a preventive diagnostics, cost effective and a prick free standalone modality for early diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes. The Visual Acuity is proportional to the patient's proneness to Diabetic Autonomic Neuropathy which is a prime symptom of Type 2 Diabetes.