Control and Monitoring

This chapter covers monitoring topics including gas monitoring, partial discharge measurements, and circuit breaker monitoring. The control topics of bay controllers and control schemes are also covered. A special topic, related to digital monitoring in substations, is also discussed. The chapter covers the types of defect causing partial discharges, and gives information on partial discharge measuring methods, where electric and acoustic, chemical specific strategies of partial discharge monitoring with GIS are explained. It explains current and voltage or potential transformer wiring including a mimic diagram and the function of the bay controller with all its basic functions. Control schemes of different mode selections and interlockings are given and examples are shown. The chapter explains basic digital communication standards and their relations to other standards. It defines switchgear related communication standards of GIS, and explains the locations of the controls in the GIS and their timing operations.