An Energy-Efficient Small-Area Configurable Analog Front-End Interface for Diverse Biosignals Recording

We introduce a fully integrated configurable analog front-end (CAFE) sensor intended to accommodate various types of bio-potential signals in this article. The proposed CAFE is composed of an AC-coupled chopper-stabilized amplifier to effectively reduce 1/f noise and an energy- and area-efficient tunable filter to tune this interface to the bandwidth of various specific signals of interest. A tunable active-pseudo-resistor is integrated into the amplifier's feedback to realize a reconfigurable high-pass cutoff frequency and enhance its linearity, while the filter is designed using a subthreshold-source-follower-based pseudo-RC (SSF-PRC) topology to attain the required super-low cutoff frequency without the need for extremely low biasing current sources. Implemented in TSMC 40 nm technology, the chip occupies an active area of 0.048
$\text{mm}^{2}$
while consuming 2.47
$\mu$
W DC power from a 1.2-V supply voltage. Measurement results indicate that the proposed design achieved a mid-band gain of 37 dB, with an integrated input-referred noise (
$V_{IRN}$
) of 1.7
$\mu V_{rms}$
within 1-260 Hz. The total harmonic distortion (THD) of the CAFE is below 1
$\%$
with a 2.4 m
$V_{pp}$
input signal. With a wide-range bandwidth adjustment capability, the proposed CAFE can be used in both wearable and implantable recording devices to acquire different bio-potential signals.