A Multichannel Portable Platform With Embedded Thermal Management for Miniaturized Dielectric Blood Coagulometry

This article presents a standalone, multichannel, miniaturized impedance analyzer (MIA) system for dielectric blood coagulometry measurements with a microfluidic sensor termed ClotChip. The system incorporates a front-end interface board for 4-channel impedance measurements at an excitation frequency of 1 MHz, an integrated resistive heater formed by a pair of printed-circuit board (PCB) traces to keep the blood sample near a physiologic temperature of 37 °C, a software-defined instrument module for signal generation and data acquisition, and a Raspberry Pi-based embedded computer with 7-inch touchscreen display for signal processing and user interface. When measuring fixed test impedances across all four channels, the MIA system exhibits an excellent agreement with a benchtop impedance analyzer, with rms errors of ≤0.30% over a capacitance range of 47–330 pF and ≤0.35% over a conductance range of 2.13–10 mS. Using
in vitro
-modified human whole blood samples, the two ClotChip output parameters, namely, the time to reach a permittivity peak (
T_peak
) and maximum change in permittivity after the peak (
Δϵ
_r,max
) are assessed by the MIA system and benchmarked against the corresponding parameters of a rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) assay.
T_peak
exhibits a very strong positive correlation (r = 0.98, p < 10
⁻⁶
, n = 20) with the ROTEM clotting time (
CT
) parameter, while
Δϵ
_r,max
exhibits a very strong positive correlation (r = 0.92, p < 10
⁻⁶
, n = 20) with the ROTEM maximum clot firmness (
MCF
) parameter. This work shows the potential of the MIA system as a standalone, multichannel, portable platform for comprehensive assessment of hemostasis at the point-of-care/point-of-injury (POC/POI).