A Multimodality Electrochemical and Impedance Spectroscopy System-on-a-Chip With Temperature Sensing and Impedance-Boosting Techniques

This article presents a multimodal electrochemical sensing system-on-chip (SoC), including the functions of cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and temperature sensing. CV readout circuitry achieves an adaptive readout current range of 145.5 dB through an automatic range adjustment and resolution scaling technique. EIS has an impedance resolution of 9.2 m
$\Omega /\surd$
Hz at a sweep frequency of 10 kHz and an output current of up to 120
$\mu$
A. With an impedance boost mechanism, the maximum detectable load impedance is extended to 22.95 k
$\Omega$
, while the total harmonic distortion is less than 1%. A resistor-based temperature sensor using a swing-boosted relaxation oscillator can achieve a resolution of 31 mK in 0-85 °C. The design is implemented in a 0.18
$\mu$
m CMOS process. The total power consumption is 1 mW.