Robust Online Multiband Drift Estimation in Electrophysiology Data

High-density electrophysiology probes have opened new possibilities for systems neuroscience in human and non-human animals, but probe motion poses a challenge for downstream analyses, particularly in human recordings. We improve on the state of the art for tracking this motion with four major contributions. First, we extend previous decentralized methods to use multiband information, leveraging the local field potential (LFP) in addition to spikes. Second, we show that the LFP-based approach enables registration at sub-second temporal resolution. Third, we introduce an efficient online motion tracking algorithm, enabling the method to scale up to longer and higher-resolution recordings, and possibly facilitating real-time applications. Finally, we improve the robustness of the approach by introducing a structure-aware objective and simple methods for adaptive parameter selection. Together, these advances enable fully automated scalable registration of challenging datasets from human and mouse.