II. Introduction
Across a range of applications, an increase in electrification is leading to the need for thermal management systems (TMSs) that can mitigate increasingly transient heat loads that often exceed nominal operating conditions. Designing such systems using traditional steady-state analysis typically results in overdesigned components, increasing size and cost. One way to potentially alleviate the effect of transient heat loads is through the use of thermal energy storage (TES) which can temporarily store thermal energy in the form of latent heat, thereby acting as a buffer until the heat can be safely dissipated or rejected. This can have the additional benefit of circumventing the need for system over-designs to accommodate off-nominal operating conditions.