I. Introduction
To economically sustain the growth of broadband services for end users, it would be required that the price of bandwidth reduces with volume at a rate which has not been achieved by any technology. Since the underlying optical components [e.g., lasers and optical receivers (Rxs)] cannot price decline at the required rate, the only answer to reduce the cost is to reduce the amount of equipment in the network. The long reach (LR) (100 km) passive optical network (PON) using dense wavelength-division-multiplexing (DWDM) technology is considered as a promising candidate for the future [1]–[3]. These LR-PONs can reduce the number of network elements and interconnection interfaces, and are predicted to significantly reduce the capital and operational cost. Although LR-PONs are as yet a research concept, the potential benefits they offer are such that they are a very worthy research topic [1]–[3].