6G Driven Fast Computational Networking Framework for Healthcare Applications

New Sixth-generation (6G) networks rely heavily on the Intelligence Internet of Things (IIoT) to store and process data more efficiently. 6G is desired to offer ultra-low latency, high bandwidth, and improvised quality of service that can effectively handle the communication among the nodes. All the healthcare facilities must be outfitted with cutting-edge technology to assist the individual with intelligent diagnosis, patient-centric treatment, and a range of other healthcare services both in the hospital and remotely. To make the system ready and adaptable to the technology and provide services to divergent applications ranging from robotic surgeries to remote monitoring of the patients through wearable technologies in an Ambient Assistive Living (AAL) environment over the intelligent networking platform. Various networking nodes and terminal devices provide the services for applications in the healthcare domain, which needs a backbone framework to deliberate the time-intensive services. This paper proposes a reference layered communication framework for the nodes and devices in real-time communication. The feature perspective aspects of 6G technology present the futuristic healthcare application for effective treatment and smart integration of services.

When transatlantic telesurgery on a patient is w formed in 99 2001 in New York., no packets were lost during the trans-100 mission since the connection was in the specialized Asyn-101 chronous Transfer Mode (ATM) through fiber optics [12]. 102 Telesurgery, although a successful demonstration, has not 103 been extensively employed. Because of the high cost of con-104 nectivity, considerable latency, and no assurance of depend-105 ability provided by the public Internet, this is the primary 106 factor. Based on visual input, some study has examined 107 how delay impacts telesurgical performance using the robotic 108 simulator dV-Trainer. It is extremely important for ultra-low 109 latency communication while performing robotic surgical 110 operations. It is projected that 6G technological advance-111 ment will radically change healthcare and that healthcare will 112 wholly rely on communication technology. It will demon-113 strate the paradigm change in healthcare brought about by the 114 advancement of communication technologies [13]. Various 115 cellular technologies are presented in Figure 1.

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This paper primarily focuses on the crucial 6G network 117 strategies for the healthcare domain. Among other things, 118 we present a full discussion of applications, potential chal-119 lenges associated with the healthcare domain, and the layered 120 frameworks of 6G technology for healthcare applications. 121 These are our main takeaways from all of the current studies 122 we read: 123 • Presenting the technical transformation of 5G/5G+ 124 technologies to 6G.

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• Discuss how smart applications and time-sensitive ser-126 vices in the healthcare industry may be taken over by 6G 127 technology.

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• Take a closer look at the communication issues and 129 potential challenges associated with Healthcare applica-130 tions.

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• Present the single-system architecture for 6G communi-132 cation technology to ensure QoS for healthcare applica-133 tions.

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• Presenting the 6G framework for the terminal and 135 networking devices.

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• Feature perspectives of intelligent 6G technology in 137 healthcare applications.

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The rest of the paper is organized as follows, and 139 Section 2 presents the role of 6G technology in the healthcare 140 domain. Section 3 presents the reference framework for the 141 healthcare applications, including the framework for both 142 terminal and network nodes. Section 4 presents the feature 143 perspective of the healthcare domain over the 6G architecture. 144 Section 5 elaborates on the takeover of 6G technology in 145 addressing the associated potential challenges. Section 6 dis-146 cusses the conclusion of the study. 148 The transformation to 6G technology has facilitated a tremen-149 dous improvement in the biomedical and healthcare engi-150 neering sector. The technology is expected to revolutionize 151 the sector from remote activity surveillance to remote robotic 152 surgery in the most efficient way [24]. Intelligent technology 153   [32] and 199 the Internet of Nano Things [33] for body-level communi-200 cation are made technologically feasible in deliberating their 201 patient-centric services.

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6G is the most suitable choice for hosting healthcare net-203 works for these requirements. 6 G networks will transform 204 the healthcare industry. 6G is a strong competitor for assisting 205 the healthcare network with dependability, mobility, capacity 206 support, and security. [34], [35].

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The current section presents the layered reference frame-210 work of the 6G technology that acts as the backbone for 211 integrating multiple network applications with their related 212 services to ensure seamless data communication among the 213 nodes. The 6G technology has offered superior features and 214 enhanced network capabilities that could have better opera-215 tional flexibilities. The enhanced spectrum, ultra-low latency, 216 ensured QoS, integrated intelligence, inbuilt optimization 217 capabilities, Wider Integration capabilities, Air Interface, and 218 reduced operational cost are few among the mighty features 219 of 6G that would remove the barrier the time and space 220 barrier for the devices to communicate. Co-designing com-221 munication and administration will result in reduced costs, 222 more excellent data rates, and an increase in the number of 223 healthcare applications. The 6G network will allow combined 224 VOLUME 10, 2022   The storage layer in the reference framework is associated 240 with various storage-related responsibilities and functional-241 ities. The 6G technology can accommodate a tremendous 242 amount of data on the fly through the distributed storage capa-243 bilities. Cooperation among numerous data stakeholders is 244 required for 6G functionality, particularly users or machines 245 for data production, data collection and transmission opera-246 tors, and technology suppliers [39]. The layer's responsibili-247 ties include storage manager, data collection, pre-processing, 248 data cleaning, data transformation, knowledge discovery, and 249 Query processing to support intelligent data-driven and big-250 data-centric applications to function seamlessly.

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The support layer acts as the middleware among the intel-253 ligent algorithms that are part of the business and storage 254 layers. The layer provides the services like a support platform 255 for the applications, The technologies like fog/edge/cloud 256 services are employed for data storage and processing, the 257 security strategies like the blockchain, distributed ledger 258 technologies, quantum encryption techniques, intelligent task 259 scheduling, model optimization for better performance and 260 by shifting heavy processing to edge servers, the protocol 261 stack that could interface various services and guide the 262 networking operations towards better efficiency.  The following is the algorithm that shows the algorithm for 305 exchanging data in the network.

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The data exchange is performed upon the availability of 307 the data by taking the encryption keys and transaction iden-  for terminal devices presents the services associated with 325 each device to ensure time-sensitive and delay-efficient ser-326 vices. The framework for terminal devices consists of the 327 Application interface later, the computing layer, and the 328 infrastructure layer. These layers would collaboratively sup-329 port the associated layer for seamless communication among 330 the devices. The framework for terminal devices is presented 331 in Figure 3.      The control layer manages the services and deals with various 386 network tasks and resource scheduling activities. The control 387 layer deliberates the responsibilities like autonomic opera-388 tions and maintenance, delay awareness, intelligent transmis-389 sion, network resource management, task scheduling, and 390 mobility management for the terminal devices in the network. 391    Remote surgery is an advanced surgical procedure that uses 442 a combination of robotic machines and networking technolo-443 gies to link patients and doctors geographically apart to per-444 form a remote surgical procedure. As a result of its capacity 445 to overcome the limits of traditional surgery, telesurgery has 446 become an appealing alternative for patients needing urgent 447 and high-quality surgical treatment and a lack of surgeons 448 and logistical constraints on surgeon schedules. There are 449 few instances where a patient needs to be performed the 450 surgical operation with the support of various specialty sur-451 geons in a short period. In such a context, remote robotic 452 surgical procedures make it feasible to connect the surgeons 453 and physicians to perform a surgical operation collabora-454 tively. The ultra-low network latency and hyper-connectivity 455 of super-smart intelligent devices would make it feasible 456 to perform remote robotic surgery with ease. Various such 457 remote robotic operations have been performed in the recent 458 past over the 5G technology, as presented in the study by 459 Pandav k et al.  Compliance Control, Kinematics controller, Teleoperation, 501 and Delay Handler.

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Connection Scheduler: There are multiple connections 503 simultaneously, and the primary channel that operates for 504 that instance would be allotted with the designated resources, 505 and the connection switching from the channel to channel 506 throughout the surgical process was taken care of by the 507 connection scheduler. The session management will also be 508 taken care of by the scheduler.

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Resource Switching: The resource scheduler cooperates 510 with the connection scheduler in allocating the resources to 511 the primary channel on a master-slave basis for all the inte-512 grated channels performing the remote surgical procedure. 513 Access to the EHR and local environment is also being taken 514 care of by the resource scheduler.

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Priority Manager: It is an exceptionally important SPI to 516 handle multiple requests and jobs simultaneously in a strained 517 environment. e priority manager takes care of the respon-518 sibilities like resource allocation and the primary channel 519 switching.

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Compliance Control: In the communication process, there 521 are divergent nodes that would be involved in the communi-522 cation process, and each of them might have its proprietary 523 frameworks for communication. The Compliance Control 524 would act as the interface among the divergent nodes to 525 communicate seamlessly.

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Kinematics controller: It is responsible for handling ser-527 vices such as constrained optimization that concurrently 528 VOLUME 10, 2022    Indoor and outdoor locations might be critical in providing 641 a quick reaction during emergencies such as natural catas-642 trophes. The global positioning system may be used for out-643 door tracking and localization like GPS. However, owing to 644 the complicated electromagnetic propagation environment, 645 GPS cannot give reliable inside location. When hospitals 646 become overloaded with people after a crisis, locating physi-647 cians, medical personnel, and patients become more difficult. 648 Locating medical workers and patients enabled with real-time 649 coordination and fast response for essential patients may be 650 accomplished with a real-time location system over the 6G 651 architecture [58], [59].

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In the healthcare sector, the information about all the stake-654 holders like the patients and doctors are remotely stored 655 over the cloud. Data generated by intelligent devices is sent 656 to the cloud for storage, but this uses channel access and 657 bandwidth. 6G claims to offer a great capacity for providing 658 seamless service to millions of smart devices. 6G will depend 659 on Edge technology to deliver seamless and fast Internet 660 access to intelligent devices, which is critical in healthcare. 661 In its Edge nodes, Edge technology gathers, computes, and 662 analyses medical information in rereal-time [9], [60]. 663 The 5G and advanced 5G technology like 5G+ have 664 some the mutations like coverage and the mobility of the 665 devices, and intelligence in the devices in functional inte-666 gration and deliberating the services. The limitations like 667 data rate, latency, spectrum, and bandwidth have challenged 668 most of the time-sensitive and resource-aware services in the 669 healthcare sector [61].

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This paper outlines the divergent healthcare applications and 672 their associated potential challenges overcome by 6G tech-673 nology. It is desired to have a single system reference model 674 that integrates the operations and services seamlessly among 675 the divergent applications used in the healthcare domain. 676 The generic framework for integrating terminal, networking 677 nodes, and layer framework are discussed. The future per-678 spective section discusses the influence of 6G technology in 679 future healthcare applications. A case study on aortic arch 680 surgery would assist in better comprehensibility of futuristic 681 applications over 6G technology in healthcare. The fusion of 682 Artificial Intelligence and 6G communication networks will 683 usher in a new age in smart healthcare technologies.