Waterway Transportation Accidents in Ghana: A Case Study on the Volta River

Inland waterway transportation is known to be the safest and most economical means of transportation globally. Nevertheless, the number of ferry and wooden boat accidents and associated casualties recorded annually on the Volta River have demeaned the safety and attractiveness of this mode of transportation in Ghana; as an average of 100 passengers die every year. In relation to this problem, the study is conducted based on accident data statistics and causation analysis. Open-ended structured verbal questions and researchers' observation were used to collect data on the causes of accidents and their psychological/social impact on the localities, and the necessary recommendations on how to prevent accidents as well as minimize casualties to ensure the safety of passengers and cargoes were provided. Among the many causes of accidents on the river, the most predominant ones were emerged or submerged stumps located in the navigational channel, overloading of cargoes, unprofessional boat operators, and lack of periodic boats maintenance. In this regard, the study suggested that there should be the removal of the submerged stumps, establishment of institution to coordinate inland water transportation, regular training programs for boat operators and owners, ensuring boats are equipped with life-saving equipment on board, and enforcement of punitive measures for non-compliant boat operators. Moreover, the communities along the Volta River should be included in the safety training and education as well as assist in monitoring and reporting unsafe practices to law enforcement agencies. The government should also assist with financing of safety projects and provision of requisite equipment to trainers and agencies to ensure effective discharge of their responsibilities on the river. These are aimed towards preventing accidents on the Volta River.