Area and Energy-Efficient Multi-Channel Instrumentation Amplifiers for Biomedical Applications

Recent biomedical circuit and system often adopt multi-channel instrumentation amplifiers (IA). For such a multichannel environment, the IA should not only consider traditional specifications such as accurate gain, low noise, low power, and offset mitigation but also meet the additional requirements, including small area and small between-channel mismatch. This paper reviews the design requirements and technics for the multichannel IAs targeting biomedical applications, with several implementation examples. It includes Channel-Sharing IA, Orthogonal Frequency-Chopping IA, Group-Chopping IA, and Intrinsic-Feedback Capacitor IA.