Towards Optimized Photon-Pair Sources for Two-Photon Transitions

Two-photon absorption (TPA) is a nonlinear optical process with wide applications in fluorescence microscopy and spectroscopy of organic molecules and compounds, as it enables atoms or molecules to transition into states that may otherwise be inaccessible by a single photon, either because of selection rules or energy conservation. Despite its common use, TPA is a rather inefficient process, often requiring very large photon numbers to produce significant results. It has been demonstrated and analytically described [1,2], that using frequency entangled pairs of photons can in some cases enhance the efficiency of TPA. For this to occur, the joint spectral amplitude (JSA) of the photon-pair state, which describes the spectral entanglement between the pair, must be engineered according to the spectral properties of the TPA response-function of the specific system in question. In this work, we consider different cases for the spectral functionality of TPA and propose that the control of the group indices of the modes involved in the pair-generation process is a key property in the design of photon-pair sources for optimized TPA.