The use of a steerable single-actuator cruciform parachute for targeted payload return

The concept of using an autonomous HAHO (high altitude, high-opening) parafoil-based system as a solution to the final descent phase of an on-demand International Space Station (ISS) sample return concept was tailored to meet specific constraints defined by the NASA Ames Research Center SPQR (Small Payload Quick-Return) study. Difficulties in consistently and safely deploying ram-air parafoils at high altitudes needs to be suitably addressed prior to utilization in space sample return applications. This paper presents an alternative to the ram-air parachute SPQR concept. Specifically, the feasibility of using a cruciform-type canopy design modified to enable a limited steering capability, similar to what has been accomplished with the traditional round canopy-based Affordable Guided Aerial Delivery System (AGAS). In contrast to the AGAS system the cruciform canopy approach requires only a single actuator, providing a wider range of possible control actions and therefore a more robust guidance technique. Preliminary design and flight test results are provided from initial low-altitude testing of the cruciform canopy-based SPQR-compatible system.