Predictive control of a battery/ultracapacitor hybrid energy storage system in electric vehicles

This manuscript presents a predictive control strategy for a battery/ultracapacitor (UC) hybrid energy storage system (HESS) in an electric vehicle (EV). This predictive control strategy is designed to optimize the power split between the battery pack and the UC pack in order to extend the battery lifetime and improve the HESS operation efficiency. The real-time implementation feasibility of this predictive control strategy has been validated in a closed-loop system through both simulation and the hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing. A combination of rapid control prototyping and HIL testing is implemented using an xPC Target real-time experimental platform. The controller and the plant in the closed-loop system are interfaced with I/O ports, which facilitate the exchange of analog and digital signals. The HIL testing results and the simulation results are presented and compared.