Optimal trajectory determination and mission design for asteroid/deep space exploration via multi-body gravity assist maneuvers

This paper investigates a genetic algorithm based space exploration mission design and trajectory development procedure that allows to determine non-intuitive optimal transfer trajectories to deep-space objects (such as asteroids) that might otherwise be difficult to approach using simpler, analytical methods. Through this methodology, two algorithms are developed. The first one calculates a direct trajectory to Ceres from Earth, and the second calculates a trajectory to Ceres that gets a gravity assist from Mars en route. Simulation results demonstrate the power of such genetic algorithms based methodologies of obtaining global optimal solutions/paths/trajectories.