Particle-in-cell simulation and optimization for a 108GHz folded waveguide traveling-wave oscillator

The design of a 108GHz folded waveguide (FW) traveling-wave oscillator is presented in this paper. The dispersion of the FW was calculated by theoretical method and electromagnetic software simulation. To make the designed oscillator work at the best operating point, the beam voltage, number of periods, magnetic field, and radius of beam tunnel are all need to be optimized. Particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations were carried out to optimize the performance of the FW oscillator. As a result, the optimized FW oscillator can obtain the output power of 527W at 108GHz with the beam voltage of 20.1kV.