New entrants (RPA/space vehicles) operational impacts upon NAS ATM and ATC

A number of Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) automation systems and developmental programs interoperate to support the day-to-day operations of the National Airspace System (NAS). The integration of New Entrants (NEs), such as Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA)
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and Space Vehicle (SV) operations, into the NAS will require modification to the current state of automation. Examining the relevant operational, technical, and procedural implications of integrated NE operations, in addition to exploring the potential impacts of accelerated RPA usage on NAS dynamics, are critically important efforts necessary to understanding operational impacts to NAS systems and users. Our paper presents the potential impacts of RPA integration on two of these systems: En Route Automation Modernization (ERAM) and Traffic Flow Management System (TFMS). A significant component of the impact on NAS systems comes from flight plan and related data processing since all SVs and many RPAs will fly non-standard flight patterns (e.g., RPA loitering and grid search). The processes and details of the non-traditional flight routes, as well different RPA performance specifications, need to be considered as missions are overlaid on the national jet route structure. Of particular concern and interest are the changes in air traffic control (ATC) and air traffic management (ATM) systems and sub-systems needed to address air traffic controller workload and workload complexity concerns associated with NE activities. One potential accommodation approach, presented in this paper, is the use of Dynamic Airspace Configuration both for RPA routine operations and contingency events. Additionally, we present an RPA 1 In this paper, UAS and RPA are used interchangeably without intending any difference per se. It is noted that the U.S. DoD and ICAO use RPA while NASA and the FAA use UAS. demand forecast tool developed under a National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) project. This tool will assist the FAA in meeting its objectives for accommodation of RPA by providing accurate demand forecast information.