HPEM protection of commercial facilities

The High Power Electromagnetic (HPEM) threats of the High-altitude Electromagnetic Pulse (HEMP) and Intentional Electromagnetic Interference (IEMI) have been known for many years, and in the case of HEMP, protection efforts have been made by military organizations throughout the world. In this paper the intention is to concentrate on the protection issues for commercial facilities to deal mainly with the high frequency (f > 1 MHz) aspects of HEMP and IEMI. After a brief discussion of the environments of interest, both general and specific protection methods are discussed.