Ultra Sensitive Rapid Electrochemical Detection of Lead Based on Laser Reduced Graphene Oxide Sensor in Biological Object

In this work, a novel laser reduced graphene oxide sensor (LRGO) was fabricated for the electrochemical determination of lead metal in different objects. The sensor surface was characterized by scan electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) was used to investigate the lead in urine, river water and tap water on laser reduced graphene oxide with a wide range of concentration from 0.001 to 0.01 ppm and low limit of detection (LOD) 2 × 10
⁻¹¹
mol/L. Laser optimization was investigated to achieve high conductive and stable sensor. It increased the electroactive surface area of sensor after optimal deposition of the lead heavy metal on the surface of the laser reduced graphene oxide. The fabricated sensor was applied to detect lead in urine, river water and tape water. However, the fabricated sensor is promising for electrochemical determination of the heavy metals in actual products.