Internet of Things (IoT) for Exhaust Emissions on Motor Vehicles Monitoring

Emissions, a critical global concern, arise primarily from the transportation sector, contributing 80% of air pollution. Forest fires, industrial pollution, and other activities also contribute to emissions. Motorized vehicles produce emissions due to incomplete combustion. To address this issue, the authors developed an IoT-based monitoring system to evaluate vehicle users' conditions based on their emissions. The monitoring system utilized an Arduino Uno R3 microcontroller in conjunction with MQ-2 and MQ-7 sensors to detect motor vehicle emissions. Data transmission was facilitated by the ESP 8266-01 WiFi module. Extensive functionality and performance testing confirmed the system's remarkable 100% operational efficiency. In terms of monitoring motor vehicle emissions, the system proved capable of distinguishing between "good" and "bad" vehicle conditions as per the standards defined by Indonesian Ministry of Environment regulations. The evaluations were conducted on unserviced vehicles that had not undergone maintenance for five months. These tests were performed under specific conditions, including the use of Pertalite gasoline with 90 octane fuel and an average vehicle speed of 60 km/hour. Moreover, the system underwent assessment after the vehicles received servicing, which involved activities such as oil change, air filter replacement, usage of 92 octane fuel, fuel tank drainage, and the installation of new engine parts. The emissions recordings from unserviced vehicles were documented, as were the emissions recordings following servicing.